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| 多环芳烃降解微生物与培养技术的研究进展 |
| Advances on the Microorganisms and their Cultivation Techniques for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2026.02.011 |
| 中文关键词: 多环芳烃（PAHs） 降解微生物 降解途径 酶系统 培养技术 |
| 英文关键词: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) degrading microorganisms degradation pathways enzyme system culture techniques |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2022D01D42) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 33 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 多环芳烃（PAHs）作为一类典型的有机污染物在环境中难以自然降解，而微生物凭借其环境适应性，在PAHs降解过程中具有不可替代的作用，因此开发高效的PAHs降解微生物实验室分离培养技术是未来的研究方向。本文对PAHs降解微生物种类及其培养技术和方法进行了综述，指出了微生物包括细菌、真菌、藻类（本文特指属于微生物范畴的微型藻类）和放线菌等降解多环芳烃的不同机理，以及通过有氧或厌氧降解PAHs的代谢途径，并讨论了不同类型的传统和新型培养技术，对比分析了传统培养技术（如优化培养基成分、调整培养基结构等）和新型培养技术（如细胞分选技术等）的特点与应用，有助于筛选更有效的培养方法，挖掘更多PAHs降解微生物，进一步推动PAHs降解微生物的研究，为解决PAHs污染问题提供理论依据和技术支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a typical class of organic pollutants, are difficult to naturally degrade in the environment. However, microorganisms, by virtue of their environmental adaptability, play an irreplaceable role in the degradation process of PAHs. Therefore, the development of efficient laboratory isolation and cultivation techniques for PAHs-degrading microorganisms has become a research direction. This article reviews the types of PAHs-degrading microorganisms, as well as their cultivation techniques and methods. It points out the different mechanisms of microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including bacteria, fungi, algae（specifically microalage belonging to the category of microorganisms）,and actinomycetes, etc., and their metabolic pathways for degrading PAHs under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Additionally, it discusses different types of traditional and novel cultivation techniques, and makes a comparative analysis of the characteristics and applications of traditional cultivation techniques (such as optimizing the composition of the culture medium and adjusting the structure of the culture medium, etc.) and novel cultivation techniques (such as cell sorting technology, etc.). This is helpful for screening more effective cultivation methods, exploring more PAHs-degrading microorganisms, further promoting the research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, and providing theoretical basis and technical support for solving the problem of PAHs pollution. |
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