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| 微生物肥料的作用机制及应用前景 |
| Mechanisms and Application Prospects of Microbial Fertilizers |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2026.02.010 |
| 中文关键词: 微生物肥料 根际微生物 作用机制 土壤改良 养分活化 绿色农业 应用前景 |
| 英文关键词: microbial fertilizer rhizosphere microorganisms mechanism soil amendment nutrient activation green agriculture application prospects |
| 基金项目:辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金（软科学研究）计划项目（2025JH4/10100009）；辽宁省重点研发计划项目（2024JH2/102500010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在农业生产中，由于长期过量施用化学肥料造成了土壤退化和环境污染，一定程度地制约了现代农业的绿色发展。微生物肥料能够提升作物产量与品质，增强抗逆能力，减少环境污染。本文对微生物肥料的特性、发展历程与分类进行了概述，重点阐述了微生物肥料的作用机理，包括通过调控植物激素（如水杨酸、生长素）影响植物免疫与发育，通过物理缠绕、分泌胞外聚合物等方式改善土壤团聚结构，以及通过分泌铁载体、溶解磷酸盐、参与固氮与硝化作用等途径活化土壤养分；从宏观、市场及技术层面分析总结了微生物肥料的应用前景及技术发展趋势，并结合辽宁省作为粮食主产区的农业现状，分析了微生物肥料发展现状及区域特色优势，最后对我国微生物肥料产业的发展方向进行了展望，以期为微生物肥料的研究与应用提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production has led to soil quality degradation and environmental problems, which to some extent restricts the green development of modern agriculture. Microbial fertilizers can enhance crop yield and quality, improve stress resistance, and reduce environmental pollution. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics, development history, and classification of microbial fertilizers, with a focus on elucidating their mechanisms which include regulating plant hormones (such as salicylic acid and auxin) to influence plant immunity and development, improving soil aggregation through physical entanglement and secretion of extracellular polymers, as well as activating soil nutrients by secreting siderophores, solubilizing phosphates, and participating in nitrogen fixation and nitrification processes. The application prospects and trends in technology development of microbial fertilizers are analyzed and summarized from macro, market, and technical perspectives. Considering the agricultural context of Liaoning Province as a major grain-producing region, the current status and regional advantages of microbial fertilizer development in Liaoning are examined. Finally, future development directions for China′s microbial fertilizer industry are discussed, aiming to provide references for the research and application of microbial fertilizers. |
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