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| 阿拉善地区白绒山羊奶及其乳制品中真菌多样性分析和功能基因比较 |
| Analysis of Fungal Diversity and Comparison of Functional Genes in White Cashmere Goat Milk and Its Dairy Products in Alxa Region |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2026.02.003 |
| 中文关键词: 阿拉善 白绒山羊奶 乳制品 真菌 多样性 功能基因 |
| 英文关键词: Alxa white cashmere goat milk dairy products fungi diversity functional genes |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目（32360570）；2023年自治区重点研发和成果转化计划（科技支撑东北振兴）项目（2023YFDZ0046）；2023年度呼伦贝尔市“科技兴市”行动重点项目（2023HZZX011）；2023年度呼伦贝尔市应用技术研究与开发资金项目（NC2023020） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 内蒙古阿拉善白绒山羊奶及其乳制品是当地牧民重要的乳类供给来源，营养价值较高且具有保健功能，但目前关于其发挥益生作用的真菌多样性相关研究却鲜有报道。本研究采用Illumina Miseq测序技术对白绒山羊奶、乳制品毕希拉格和艾日嘎中真菌ITS基因序列进行测定，比较真菌群落结构和多样性。结果表明，白绒山羊奶和毕希拉格中真菌的Shannon指数显著高于艾日嘎（P＜0.05），Simpson指数显著低于艾日嘎（P＜0.05），白绒山羊奶和毕希拉格中真菌的Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著差异（P>0.05）。白绒山羊奶、毕希拉格及艾日嘎的Ace指数和Chao指数均无显著差异（P>0.05）。真菌Beta多样性分析显示，白绒山羊奶和毕希拉格的真菌群落组成具有高度相似性，但艾日嘎真菌群落结构与白绒山羊奶、毕希拉格存在差异性。白绒山羊奶、毕希拉格及艾日嘎的优势真菌门均为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）；白绒山羊奶的优势真菌属为阿氏酵母属（Apiotrichum）、皮肤丝孢酵母属（Cutaneotrichenkia）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）、链格孢属（Alternaria）；毕希拉格的优势真菌属为阿氏酵母属、皮肤丝孢酵母属、线担酵母属（Filobasidium）；艾日嘎的优势真菌属为伊萨酵母属（Issatchenkia）、红酵母属（Rhodotorula）、哈萨克斯坦酵母属（Kazachstania）、毕赤酵母属（Pichia）。白绒山羊奶及其乳制品中真菌代谢相关酶的相对丰度较高的是α-1,4-葡萄糖水解酶（glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase）、三磷酸腺苷酶（adenosine triphosphatase）、RNA聚合酶（DNA-directed RNA polymerase）、外源性α-唾液酸酶（exo-alpha-sialidase）及肽酰丙氨酰异构酶（peptidylprolyl isomerase）。FUNGuild功能预测表明，腐生营养型是白绒山羊奶及其乳制品主要的真菌营养方式。本研究结果不仅阐明了内蒙古阿拉善白绒山羊奶及其乳制品中真菌多样性，而且为山羊奶及其乳制品中真菌的研究和安全性评价提供依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Inner Mongolia Alxa white cashmere goat milk and its dairy products with rich nutritional value and outstanding health care functions, serve as a vital source of dairy for local herders, but few studies related to the diversity of fungi that play a probiotic role have been reported. Therefore, in this study, Illumina-Miseq sequencing technology was used to determine the fungal ITS gene sequences in white cashmere goat milk, bishylag and airiga, and the comparison of fungal community structure and diversity were conducted. The results showed that the Shannon index of fungi in white cashmere goat milk and bishylag was significantly higher than that in airiga (P<0.05), while the Simpson index was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the Shannon and Simpson indices of the fungi in white cashmere goat milk and bishylag. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the Ace and Chao indices among white cashmere goat milk, bishylag and airiga (P>0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed a high similarity in fungal community composition between white cashmere goat milk and bishylag, whereas the fungal community structure of airiga was distinct from that of white cashmere goat milk and bishylag. The dominant fungal phyla in white cashmere goat milk, bishylag and airiga were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the dominant fungi were Apiotrichum, Cutaneotrichosporon, Cladosporium and Alternaria in white cashmere goat milk; Apiotrichum, Cutaneotrichosporon and Filobasidium in bishylag; and Issatchenkia, Rhodotorula, Kazachstania and Pichia in airiga. The relative abundance of fungal metabolism-relatde enzymes in white cashmere goat milk and its dairy products was higher for glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase, adenosine triphosphatase, DNA-directed RNA polymerase, exo-alpha-sialidase, and peptidylprolyl isomerase. FUNGuild functional prediction indicated that saprotrophic fungi were the main nutritional mode in white cashmere goat milk and its dairy products. These findings not only establish a comprehensive understanding of fungal diversity in white cashmere goat milk and its dairy products in Alxa, Inner Mongolia, but also provide a basis for the study and safety evaluation of fungi in white cashmere goat milk and its dairy products. |
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