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| 噬菌体免疫的物质基础与分子机制 |
| Material Basis and Molecular Mechanisms of Phage Immunity |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2026.02.001 |
| 中文关键词: 噬菌体免疫 噬菌体-哺乳动物细胞互作 噬菌体免疫条形码 噬菌体治疗 天然免疫 |
| 英文关键词: phage immunity phage-mammalian cell interaction phage immunobarcode phage therapy innate immunity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32570179，32161133003）；湖北省杰出青年科学基金项目（2024AFA093） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 噬菌体是地球上最丰富的生物实体之一，在人体微生物组中占据主导地位，其丰度远超真核病毒和共生细菌，已成为维系微生态平衡的关键因素。作为捕食细菌的病毒，噬菌体与哺乳动物细胞之间不仅只是间接的生态学联系，而是呈现出复杂的双向互作网络。越来越多的研究表明，噬菌体不仅能通过调控细菌群落组成和结构间接影响人体的生理病理过程，还可直接跨越生物界面，与哺乳动物细胞（特别是免疫细胞）发生互作并介导免疫学效应，噬菌体免疫涉及噬菌体识别、内吞转运、免疫应答与信号通路调控等多个方面。本文从噬菌体与哺乳动物细胞相互作用的角度阐述了噬菌体免疫的研究进展，重点围绕噬菌体的结构特性、内化途径、胞内运输与定位，以及其对免疫系统的调控机制展开论述。同时，探讨了噬菌体免疫在炎症性肠病、慢性感染、系统性疾病乃至癌症免疫治疗中扮演的复杂角色，旨在从噬菌体与哺乳动物细胞互作的角度阐明噬菌体免疫的物质基础与分子机制，为深入揭示噬菌体的“跨界调控”功能、发展以噬菌体为载体的免疫干预新途径奠定基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities on Earth. Within the human microbiome, they vastly outnumber eukaryotic viruses and commensal bacteria, serving as essential regulators of microecological balance. Traditionally viewed strictly as bacterial predators, phages are now known to form direct, bidirectional interaction networks with mammalian cells. Beyond indirectly affecting human health by altering bacterial communities, phages actively cross biological barriers to engage in direct crosstalk with immune cells and trigger specific immunological effects. This phage-mediated immunity encompasses receptor recognition, endocytic trafficking, and the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review summarizes current progress in phage immunity by examining direct phage-mammalian cell interactions. We specifically focus on how phage structural characteristics dictate their internalization, intracellular localization, and subsequent immune regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the practical implications of phage immunity across various conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, chronic infections, systemic disorders, and emerging applications in cancer immunotherapy. Ultimately, this review aims to clarify the molecular and material basis of phage immunity, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the cross-kingdom regulation effects of phages and the development of phage-based immunotherapies. |
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