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| 拮抗小麦茎基腐病病原菌的贝莱斯芽胞杆菌KZ筛选鉴定及脂肽类活性成分分析 |
| Screening and Identification of Bacillus velezensis KZ Antagonistic to Pathogens of Fusarium Crown Rot of Wheat and Analysis of Lipopeptide Active Components |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2025.03.004 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦茎基腐病 植物根际 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 菌种鉴定 生物防治 脂肽类化合物 |
| 英文关键词: Fusarium crown rot plant rhizosphere Bacillus velezensis species identification biocontrol lipopeptides |
| 基金项目:河北省重点研发计划项目（22322901D） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 小麦茎基腐病(Fusarium crown rot, FCR)是一种典型的土传性真菌病害，严重危害我国小麦生产和粮食安全，但缺少有效防治方法。为了探索小麦FCR生物防治方法，为小麦FCR生物防治提供理论基础和菌株资源，以小麦-玉米轮作区FCR高发的小麦根际土壤为材料分离芽胞杆菌。采用平板对峙法筛选小麦FCR主要病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudogramineaum)、禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)和拟轮枝镰刀菌（Fusarium verticillioides）的拮抗菌株，采用多相分类方法进行菌种鉴定，采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和液质联用(HPLC-MS/MS)技术初步鉴定拮抗菌发酵液抑菌成分组成。结果表明，从小麦根际土壤中分离筛选出的芽胞杆菌KZ及其脂肽提取物对假禾谷镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌和拟轮枝镰刀菌均具有较强抑制活性；通过扫描电镜观察、生理生化特征鉴定及16S rRNA基因、gyrA基因系统发育分析将菌株KZ鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)；菌株KZ发酵液上清中主要活性成分为伊枯草菌素(Iturin)和表面活性素(Surfactin)两个家族的脂肽类物质。贝莱斯芽胞杆菌KZ主要通过分泌脂肽类化合物拮抗小麦FCR病原菌，本研究为小麦FCR的生物防治提供了潜在的生防菌株资源。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a typical soil-borne fungal disease harmful to wheat production and grain safety in China, but there is currently no effective controlling method. In order to explore the biological control methods of wheat FCR and provide theoretical basis and strain resources for biological control of wheat FCR, Bacillus spp. were isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil with high incidence of FCR in wheat-maize crop rotation area. Then the antagonistic strains against Fusarium pseudogramineaum, F. graminearum, and F. verticillioides that were the main pathogens of wheat FCR, were screened using plate confrontation method and identified by the polyphasic classification approaches. The antifungal components of the fermentation broth were preliminarily identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that Bacillus sp. KZ isolated from wheat rhizosphere soil and the lipopeptide extracts from the fermentation broth of strain KZ had strong inhibitory activity against F. pseudogramineaum, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides. According to morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscopy, physiological and chemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and gyrA gene, strain KZ was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The main active components in the supernatant of strain KZ were iturin and surfactin families of lipopeptides. Bacillus velezensis KZ mainly antagonized the pathogen of wheat FCR by secreting lipopeptides. This study provided a potential biocontrol strain resource for the biocontrol of wheat FCR. |
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