| The gut microbiota exerts a significant influence on human health and disease. The notion that the gut microbiome can impact the host′s physical health is increasingly being acknowledged. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is implicated in various metabolic and inflammatory processes linked to several diseases, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thereby affecting the host′s physical health. The gut microbiota can trigger atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease via multiple pathways within the gut. Moreover, research into the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the pathogenesis and outcomes of stroke offers a novel potential approach for diagnosing and treating such cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In summary, this review primarily discusses the relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites and several common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and stroke, as well as the underlying mechanisms, targeting to provide a foundation for enhancing the understanding of the gut microbiota that plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. |
