| In order to compare the effects of addition of two application modes of direct feeding of fermented feed and application of water extract through water line, this experiment investigated the effects of fermented pomelo (Citrus grandis) pomace and its water extract on the growth performance and cecum microbial population in Sanhuang (three yellow) chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of 180 one-day-old Sanhuang chickens were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly, with 6 replicates of 10 broilers each. The group T1 was fed with 2% fermented pomelo pomace in the basic diet, the group T2 was fed with 1% fermented pomelo pomace water extract in the drinking water, while the control group was fed with running water and basal diet, and the experimental period was 42 days. The results showed that comparison with the control group, the average daily gain of Sanhuang chickens in the group T1 was increased by 7.4% with significant difference (P<0.05). Alpha diversity index of group T1 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared to controls, while significantly increased in group T2 (P<0.05). In the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in group T1 was significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05) while significantly decreased in group T2 (P<0.05) , and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in group T2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). In the family level of group T1, the relative abundances of Rumenococcus, Rikenbacteriaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Veillonella and Prevotella were decreased significantly (P<0.05). In the family level of group T2, The relative abundances of Rumenococcus, Rikenbacteriaceae and Tanabacteriaceae were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Veilloncoccus and Lachnospira were significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the genus level, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in group T1 and group T2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Megamonas and Olsenella were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Parabacteroides in group T2 was significantly decreased compared to controls (P<0.05). Lefse analysis showed that the microbial communities included Selenomonadales, Veillonella and Macromonasin enriched in chickens in the control group, the microbial communities included Firmicutes, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in chickens in group T1, while the microbial communities included Prevotella, Tanabacteriaceae and Parabacteroidetes in chickens in group T2. To conclyde, the addition of 2% fermented pomelo pomace in the diet can improve weight gain of Sanhuang chicken, while the addition of 1% fermented pomelo pomace water extract in drinking water can improve the diversity of intestinal flora in Sanhuang chicken and facilitates the enrichment of gut beneficial bacteria. |
