Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY3对含砷废电路板中重金属离子的浸出研究

杨澜; 徐紫夏; 王娜; 高启禹

文章摘要

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY3对含砷废电路板中重金属离子的浸出研究

The Leaching of Heavy Metal Ions from Arsenic Containing Waste Circuit Boards by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY3

DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2025.02.006

中文关键词: 电子垃圾砷氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物浸出重金属

英文关键词: e-waste arsenic Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans bioleaching heavy metals

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（81370916）；河南省重点研发与推广项目（24B80011）；新乡医学院博士启动项目(XYBSKYZZ202125)；河南省高校大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202210472020）

作者	单位
杨澜	河南新乡医学院生命科学技术学院，河南新乡 453003
徐紫夏	河南新乡医学院生命科学技术学院，河南新乡 453003
王娜	河南新乡医学院生命科学技术学院，河南新乡 453003
高启禹	1.河南新乡医学院生命科学技术学院，河南新乡 453003；2.兰州大学生命科学学院，甘肃兰州 730000

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中文摘要:

随着全球经济的持续发展和消费者对电子产品的需求增加，使包括含砷（As）电路板在内的多种电子垃圾材料成为城市垃圾中增长最快的部分，借助湿法冶金技术获取有用资源已成为重要的研究手段。采用嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY3）对含As电路板进行了重金属浸出试验。以含NaAsO₂为1 600 mg/L的9K培养基对A. ferrooxidans BY3进行驯化，探究了Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Co²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cr³⁺等对其生长的影响，同时利用单因素试验及响应面法探讨了A. ferrooxidans BY3对含As废电路板中的重金属浸出的最优条件。研究结果表明，A. ferrooxidans BY3在NaAsO₂驯化后仍具有较高的金属离子抗性，其金属离子耐受能力依次为Cu²⁺>Mn²⁺>Mg²⁺>Na⁺ >Al³⁺>Co²⁺>Ni²⁺>Zn²⁺>Pb²⁺>Cr³⁺。响应面法分析发现，在pH=2.0，温度为31 ℃，装液量44%，转速175 r/min条件下，Fe²⁺的氧化速率最高，达到0.321 9 g/（L·h)，pH的变化对反应体系影响最为显著。在此条件下，其对含As废电路板颗粒中的Cu、Ni、Zn、Co、Pb、Cr的生物浸出率分别为96.5%、89.1%、100%、72.9%、65.1%、86.3%。A. ferrooxidans BY3能有效浸出含As电路板中的有价金属，从而为后期相关电子垃圾的再利用提供参考。

英文摘要:

With the global economy continues to grow and consumer demand for electronics increases, a variety of e-waste materials, including arsenic-containing circuit boards, which have become the fastest-growing segment of municipal waste, and obtaining useful resources through hydrometallurgical technology has become an important research tool. This study adopted heavy metal leaching tests on circuit boards containing arsenic using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BY3. A. ferrooxidans BY3 was domesticated in 9K medium supplemented with 1 600 mg/L NaAsO₂, and the effects of Cu²⁺，Ni²⁺，Zn²⁺，Co²⁺，Pb²⁺ and Cr³⁺ on its growth were investigated, while the single factor test and response surface method were employed to determine the optimal conditions for extracting heavy metals from arsenic-containing waste circuit boards using A. ferrooxidans BY3. The results of the research indicated that after NaAsO₂ domestication, A. ferrooxidans BY3 still exhibited high resistance to metal ions, and its metal ion tolerance was in the order of Cu²⁺> Mn²⁺> Mg²⁺> Na⁺> Al³⁺> Co²⁺> Ni²⁺> Zn²⁺> Pb²⁺> Cr³⁺. The response surface method analysis revealed that the oxidation rate of Fe²⁺ was highest at a pH of 2.0, and 31 ℃, a liquid volume of 44%, and a rotation speed of 175 r/min. The oxidation rate reached 0.321 9 g/L per hour. Among the experimental factors, the change of pH had the most significant impact on the reaction system. Using these conditions, the bioleaching rates of Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Pb, and Cr in waste circuit board particles containing arsenic were 96.5%, 89.1%, 100%, 72.9%, 65.1%, and 86.3%, respectively, in waste circuit board particles containing arsenic. A. ferrooxidans BY3 can effectively leach valuable metals from arsenic-containing circuit boards, and thus providing a scientific reference for the reuse of related e-waste in the later stage.

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