文章摘要
秸秆还田年限对设施土壤磷素分布及淋溶的影响
Effects of Straw Returning Duration on Distribution and Leaching of Phosphorus in Greenhouse soil
  
DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2025.01.008
中文关键词: 秸秆还田年限  设施农业  磷素分布  淋溶  微生物量磷
英文关键词: duration of straw returning  facil. agriculture  phosphorus distribution  leaching  microbial biomass phosphorus
基金项目:国际科技合作计划项目（2023030481-JH2/107）；辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目（2022020386-JH2/1013）；辽宁省农科院土壤微生态学科建设项目（2022DD154524）；软科学研究计划项目（2023JH4/10700032）
作者单位
孙玉禄 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
李杨 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
刘晓辉 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
高晓梅 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
敖静 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
宋立群 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
马妍 中国矿业大学（北京）化学与环境工程学院，北京 100083 
李鑫 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
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中文摘要:
      为研究秸秆还田年限对土壤磷素分布及淋溶的影响，采用随机区组设计的方法，检测在使用不同年限秸秆还田的大棚中，不同深度的土壤全磷、有效磷、微生物量磷和土壤中性磷酸酶活性数据，分析秸秆还田年限对土壤磷素分布及淋溶的影响。结果表明，秸秆还田可以显著增加0～40 cm土壤全磷、有效磷和微生物量磷的含量，显著提高耕作层土壤中性磷酸酶活性。0～20 cm土壤，J7的全磷、有效磷、微生物量磷、中性磷酸酶活性分别比CK提高41%、125%、85%、42%；20~40 cm土壤，J7分别比CK提高30%、157%、116%、56%,并能够降低土壤中全磷和有效磷向下的迁移，效果为J7＞J5＞J3＞J1＞CK。秸秆还田还能显著增加土壤的磷活化系数，促进植物对土壤磷素的有效利用。为有效解决磷淋溶造成的农业面源污染问题提供了更多的解决途径。
英文摘要:
      In order to study the effect of straw returning duration on soil phosphorus distribution and leaching, this experiment used a random block method to detect soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and soil neutral phosphatase activity data at different depths in greenhouses soil where straw returning duration were used. The effect of straw returning duration on soil phosphorus distribution and leaching was analyzed. The results showed that returning straw to the field can significantly increase the content of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and microbial biomass phosphorus in the 0-40 cm soil, and significantly improve the neutral phosphatase activity in the tillage layer soil. In the 0-20 cm soil, the total phosphorus, available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, and neutral phosphatase activity of J7 were increased by 41%, 125%, 85%, and 42%, respectively, as compared to CK; In 20-40 cm soil, J7 increased by 30%, 157%, 116%, and 56% compared to CK, and reduce the downward migration of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil. The effect is J7>J5>J3>J1>CK. Straw returning to the field also can significantly increase the phosphorus activation coefficient of the original soil, promoting the effective utilization of soil phosphorus by plants. This provides more ways to effectively solve the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by phosphorus leaching.
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