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| 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TMQ-KSL-1分离鉴定及其发酵液对番茄根结线虫的生防作用 |
| Isolation and Identification of Bacillus velezensis TMQ-VKSL-1 and Its Use for Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita Infection of Tomato |
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| DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2024.02.006 |
| 中文关键词: 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis） 植物病害 番茄 根结线虫 生物防治 |
| 英文关键词: Bacillus velezensis plant diseases tomato root knot nematode bio-control |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“黑土地保护与利用科技创新”重点专项(2023YFD150050402)；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA28070304）；辽宁省科协科技型中小微企业扶持计划项目（2022） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 镰刀菌（Fusarium spp.）和根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)都是植物的重要病原物，这两种病原物在寄主植物中存在着非常复杂的互作关系，可导致严重的植物土传病害。为探寻对番茄根结线虫病害具有高效防治作用的优良菌株，本研究以禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum）为靶标病菌，采用平板稀释涂布法从多年种植番茄的设施大棚土壤中分离和筛选到一株抑菌效果较好的生防细菌菌株TMQ-KSL-1，根据形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA 基因测序对该菌株进行鉴定；测定不同浓度的发酵液及发酵上清液对根结线虫卵孵化率以及根结线虫二龄幼虫死亡率的影响，通过盆栽实验分析其发酵液对根结线虫病害的防治效果。结果表明，菌株TMQ-KSL-1具有较强的杀线虫活性，其发酵液和发酵上清液处理48 h线虫卵孵化抑制率分别为94.76%和90.72%；处理24 h番茄根结线虫二龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为100％和97.37%；菌株TMQ-KSL-1发酵液100倍稀释液、200倍稀释液对番茄根结线虫病害防治效果分别为59.54%和12.14%，且100倍液处理防效与阿维菌素500倍液处理防效（61.56%）相当；地下鲜重分别提高了90.95%、19.65%。因此，菌株TMQ-KSL-1具有防控番茄根结线虫病害的能力，具有市场开发应用前景。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fusarium spp. and Meloidogyne spp. are important plant pathogens, and the complex interaction between these two pathogens in the host plant that can lead to serious soil borne plant diseases. In this study, F. graminearum was used as the target pathogen to explore highly effective strains for biocontrolling of root knot nematode (RKN) diseases in tomatoes. A bacterial strain TMQ-KSL-1 with good antibacterial effect was isolated and screened from a long-term tomato monoculture greenhouse soil using dilution plating method. The strain was classified based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The effects of different concentrations of TMQ-KSL-1 fermentation broth and fermentation supernatant on the RKN eggs hatching rate and the lethal rate of the second instar larvae of RKN were determined. The inhibition effect of the fermentation broth on RKN diseases was also analyzed through pot experiments. The results showed that strain TMQ-KSL-1 had strong nematicidal activity, and the inhibition rates of nematode egg hatching were 94.76% and 90.72% after 48 hours of treatment with its fermentation broth and fermentation supernatant, respectively. The corrected mortality rates of the second instar larvae of tomato RKN after 24 h treatment of fermentation broth and supernatant were 100% and 97.37%, respectively. The 100 and 200-fold fermentation broth of strain TMQ-KSL-1 reduced tomato RJN disease by 59.54% and 12.14%, respectively, and the biocontrol effect of 100-fold fermentation broth was equivalent to that of 500-fold fermentation broth of avermectin (61.56%). Both the fermentation broth and supernatant increased underground fresh weight by 90.95% and 19.65% respectively, indicating that the strain has a growth promoting effect on tomato roots. Therefore, strain TMQ-KSL-1 has the ability to prevent and control tomato RKN diseases, and has market development and application prospects. |
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