文章摘要
秸秆还田及磷细菌对土壤微生态及豆角产量的影响
Effects of Returned Straw to the Field and Phosphorus Bacteria on Soil Microecology and Green Bean Yield
  
DOI：doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-7021.2024.01.010
中文关键词: 秸秆  磷细菌  恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）  土壤微生态  有效磷  解磷能力  豆角产量
英文关键词: straw  phosphorus bacteria  Pseudomonas putida  soil microecology  available phosphorus  phosphorus solubility  green bean yield
基金项目:辽宁省科学技术计划项目（2022JH2/101300165）；“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目（XLYC2203181）；辽宁省科协中小微企业扶持计划项目（2022）
作者单位
孙翠焕 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
郭玲玲 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
陈丽媛 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
陈杰 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
赵博伦 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
王智学 辽宁省微生物科学研究院，辽宁 朝阳 122000 
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中文摘要:
      为研究秸秆还田及外源添加磷细菌对土壤微生态及农作物产量的影响，以玉米秸秆和具有解磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）为研究对象，通过在设施大棚中栽培豆角，研究了不同处理对土壤和豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、土壤有效磷含量、解磷能力以及豆角产量的影响。研究结果显示，玉米秸秆（处理1）、玉米秸秆+磷细菌（处理2）、磷细菌（处理3）三个处理的土壤中解磷类细菌数量有较大差异，其中处理2数量最高，比对照区高31.89%，差异显著（P<0.05）；三个处理均能明显增加豆角根际解磷类细菌数量，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），其中处理2最高，比对照高86.30%，差异达到极显著水平（P<0.01）；三个处理土壤有效磷含量均明显高于对照，差异显著（P<0.05），其中处理2最高，比对照高9.8%；三个处理土壤解磷能力差异较大，处理1和处理2可明显提高土壤解磷能力，分别比对照高50.2%和65.2%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；三个处理对豆角均有增产效果，但差异较大，处理2比处理1、处理3产量增加明显，分别增产6.8%、10.3%，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）；处理2比对照增产15.5%，差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）。研究结果表明，玉米秸秆配合外源添加磷细菌恶臭假单胞菌，较单一使用玉米秸秆和磷细菌可显著增加土壤及豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、增加土壤有效磷含量、提高土壤解磷能力、促进豆角增产，说明玉米秸秆和磷细菌有相互促进作用。本研究可为秸秆还田和磷细菌田间施用方法的研究和应用提供参考。
英文摘要:
      The effects of returned straw and exogenous additional phosphorus bacteria on soil microecology and crop yield were studied, corn straw and stinky pseudomonas (Pseudomonas putida) with phosphorus solubilizing ability were used as research objects. By cultivating green beans in greenhouse facilities, the effects of different treatments on the number of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, soil available phosphorus content, phosphorus solubilizing ability, and green bean yield in soil and rhizosphere were studied. The research results showed that there were significant differences in the number of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil of three treatments: corn straw (treatment 1), corn straw+phosphorus bacteria (treatment 2), and phosphorus bacteria (treatment 3). Among them, treatment 2 had the highest number, with 31.89% higher than the control area, and the difference reached significantly (P<0.05). All three treatments could significantly increase the number of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Among them, treatment 2 was the highest, 86.30% higher than the control, and the difference reached an extremely significant level (P<0.01); The effective phosphorus content in the soil of the three treatments was significantly higher than that of the control, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Among them, treatment 2 had the highest content, which was 9.8% higher than the control; There is a significant difference in soil phosphorus solubilization ability among the three treatments. Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 can significantly improve soil phosphorus solubilization ability, which are 50.2% and 65.2% higher than the control, respectively, with extremely significant differences (P<0.01); all three treatments had a significant increase in yield of green beans, but the difference was significant. Treatment 2 showed a significant increase in yield compared to Treatment 1 and Treatment 3, with an increase of 6.8% and 10.3%, respectively, and the difference reached a significant level (P<0.05); Treatment 2 increased yield by 15.5% compared to the control, with a significant difference (P<0.01). The research results indicate that the combination of corn straw and exogenous addition of phosphorus bacteria, P. putida, can significantly increase the number of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil and rhizosphere of green beans, increase the content of available phosphorus in the soil, improve soil phosphorus solubilization ability, and promote green beans yield as compared with the single use of corn straw and phosphorus bacteria. This indicated that corn straw and phosphorus bacteria have mutual promoting effects. This study can provide reference for the combination of straw returning with the addition of phosphorus bacteria, improving the conversion rate of phosphorus in soil, promoting crop yield, and future research and development of phosphorus solubilizing microbial agents.
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