Through the application of microbial fertilizer to study the bacterial diversity and community composition of soybean rhizosphere soil in cold regions, it can alleviate the soil problems caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Soybean Henong 69 variety was taken as the research object, 6 treatments were set up: applying soybean special fertilizer, granular fertilizer, compound bacterial fertilizer, reducing 15% chemical fertilizer combined with granular fertilizer, reducing 15% chemical fertilizer combined with microbial compound granular fertilizer and blank control. The bacterial diversity and community composition of soybean rhizosphere soil at pod stage were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology; the plant height, pod number, bean number and yield were counted by traditional statistical methods. The results showed that phylum level of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Pathesibacteria and WPS-2 were the dominant phyla; among them, Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in which 15% chemical fertilizer was reduced and granular fertilizer was applied, and the other treatments were Actinobacteria. Genus level: Gaiellales/Other, Acidobacteriales/Other,Frankiales/Other, Sphingomonas, Acidothermus, Gemmatimonas, Rhodanobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Gemmatimonaceae/Other, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Xanthobacteraceae/Other, Chujaibacter, AD3/Other,WPS-2/Other, Saccharimonadales/Other, IMCC26256/Other, Ellin6067, Jatrophihabitans, SC-I-84/Other, Blastococcus, Bryobacter, Haliangium, Micropespace/Other, Conexibacter and Elsterales/Other were 26 dominant genera, and Unclassified was the dominant genus. Chujaibacter was the dominant genus in which 15% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with granular fertilizer, Acidobacteriales/Other is the dominant genus of blank control, and the other four treatments were Gaiellales/Other. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial granular bacterial fertilizer can effectively ensure the yield of soybean, which was 4.72% higher than that of single chemical fertilizer. Therefore, microbial fertilizer with different fertilizer applying methods can effectively improve the composition of soil microbial community in soybean rhizosphere. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer had the effects of maintaining the yield and increasing the yield of soybean in cold region. |