| Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a kind of the important second messenger molecules that widely exists in bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenic bacteria, especially in many gram-negative bacteria. Studies have shown that c-di-AMP plays an irreplaceable role in bacterial growth, drug resistance, anti-stress, invasiveness, biofilm formation, and other aspects, is also involved in activating and regulating the host immune response. Research to c-di-AMP has gradually deepened and become a hot spot in microbial field research; microorganisms mainly regulate physiological function of bacteria and host cell immune response through changing intra-or-extracellular content of c-di-AMP. Therefore, the quantitative study of intra-or extracellular c-di-AMP has also attracted attention of researchers. At present, a variety of techniques have been reported for the quantitative detection of c-di-AMP, including HPLC/MS detection commonly used by researchers, ELISA detection, as well as fluorescent turn-on assay using coralyne and c-di-AMP live cell imaging by fluorescence biosensor. Each method has its own detection principle, application scope, advantage and disadvantage. Summary of the existing detection methods is conducive to explore new detection methods and will further enhance the cognition of c-di-AMP function. In order to study c-di-AMP mediated signaling pathway and its biological effects, advances in study on bacterial c-di-AMP detection methods were reviewed in this paper. |
