In order to procure a successful cultivation of Morchella in Tacheng, Xinjiang, and to improve an accomplishment level of artificial cultivation technology of Morchella, according to the biological characteristics of Morchella, combined with the soil environment and climate features in Tacheng area, this experiment has designed different cultivation treating formulas, and used the solar greenhouse temperature control method to carry out the artificial cultivation of Morchella. Through observation of mycelial state, average growth rate, time of mycelial growing to full bags, and sclerotia producing time of each treated group under the condition of 22 ℃, the influence of different ingredients on the mycelial growth of Morchella was determined; through the fruiting of each treated group cultivation, time of budding of Morchella, the yield of first tidal mushroom, the yield of second tidal mushroom, the total yield and the rate of high-quality mushroom and other indices, as well as the effect of different ingredients on the yield and quality of morel mushroom fruiting yield were determined. The results showed that the treated formula 3 of the treated group was 15% sawdust, 30% grass powder, 20% tree leaves, 16% wheat grain, 12% bran, 5% cottonseed shell, 1% lime, 1% gypsum, which was significantly superior to other groups in either aspects of mycelial growing state or fruiting yield. It was found by analysis that straw powder and tree leaves as the main materials instead of wood chips were more conducive to the growth of Morchella mycelia and cultivation fruiting. As compared with wood rot fungus, Morchella′s lignin decomposing ability was comparatively poor, and sawdust was not the best substrate for Morchella cultivation. Morchella not belonged to kind of wood rot fungus, it should belong to grass rot fungus, and this conclusion accorded with the growing environment of wild Morchella. |