| Clostridium difficile(CD) is a rod shaped, spore forming, Gram positive, anaerobic bacillus. Toxigenic CD could lead to C. difficile infection (CDI), that has generally been recognized to be the most common etiologic pathogen of antibiotic associated diarrhea, as well as one of the most common causes of diarrhea in hospitalized patients in developed countries. The emergence of hypertoxigenic strains have caused increased morbidity and mortality of CDI worldwide. How to detect CD rapidly and accurately has long been an issue of great concern and the two step or three step methods are often recommended at home and abroad nowadays. The front line antibiotics most often used to treat CDI are metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin. FMT (faecal microbiota transplantation) is recommended as the treatment option for both mild and severe recurrence CDI. Spores of CD could resist the poor environments. At the same time, the use of antibiotics, the complexity of hospital environment and medical worker’s hands make CD bacteria are easy to spread, so it is significant for medical institutions should strengthen the prevention of CD. This paper mainly reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, detection, and treatment of Clostridium difficile. |
